Financial Accounting: Preparing Financial Statements (FAPS) Unit
This unit provides students with the skills required to produce statements of profit or loss and statements of financial position for sole traders and partnerships using a trial balance. In employment, students may be required to prepare a portion of, or all, the final accounts and this unit will give them the theoretical knowledge needed to complete that task. It will also allow them to understand how final accounts have been produced, either manually or automatically through use of accounting software.
Students will gain the double-entry bookkeeping skills required to record financial transactions into an organisation’s accounts using a manual bookkeeping system. They will take this forward to carry out adjustments, ensuring that the accounts conform to the accruals basis of accounting. Students will understand depreciation, where the loss of value of a non-current asset during a period is reflected in the profit figure for that period. They will also learn to account for allowances for doubtful receivables where account is taken of the likelihood that not all credit customers will pay in full. These adjustments are regularly carried out by employers to ensure accounts give a more accurate view of both the profitability and the financial stability of the organisation.
By developing an awareness of how the final accounts are used, and by whom, students will appreciate how to produce useful accounting records, sometimes from incomplete information. They will learn about the format of both the statement of profit or loss and the statement of financial position. Students will also learn how to use their double-entry bookkeeping skills to analyse and correct errors that have been made in the ledgers. Students will also be required to check the accuracy of the balances on key accounts within the accounting system by carrying out reconciliations with independent documents, such as bank statements. Accounting ratios to assess the profitability of sole traders will also be introduced, allowing students to interpret financial statements more effectively.
The application of ethical principles is threaded throughout this unit. All work must be carried out with integrity, objectivity and a high degree of professional competence.
Learning outcomes
1. Understand the accounting principles underlying final accounts preparation
2. Understand the principles of advanced double-entry bookkeeping
3. Implement procedures for the acquisition and disposal of non-current assets
4. Prepare and record depreciation calculations
5. Record period end adjustments
6. Produce and extend the trial balance
7. Produce financial statements for sole traders and partnerships
8. Interpret financial statements using profitability ratios
9. Prepare accounting records from incomplete information